To get textile material as per desired requirements, a panel is made known as the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), which makes many standards to test textile material, provides guidelines for textile ASTM standards for universal testing to ensure quality and these standards of testing are used globally. Textile industries follow these guidelines and produce their product reliably.
Textile ASTM Standards for Universal Testing
The panels of experts make the textile testing procedure and give guidelines under the umbrella of the American Society for Testing and Material. ASTM D5034 is used globally for grab tensile test while ASTM D5035 is used for strip tensile testing. ASTM D3776 is used for GSM testing globally. ASTM D4772 is used to check the absorbency of the testing material, especially the terry towel. ASTM D1776 is used to keep standard temperature and humidity.
ASTM D5034 Grab Test Method and Required Instrument
For ASTM D5034, a tensile testing machine is used. The tensile testing machine works with the help of software installed in the connected computer. For this testing method, 5 testing specimens 100 ± 1mm wide and 150 ± 1mm long from both warp and weft wise are marked with the help of a marking template and cuts with the help of scissors from the testing material. You should condition the testing specimen as per ASTM D1776 for more than 2 hours. Set the 75 ± 1 mm distance between clamps of the tensile tester, machine range from 10% to 90% of the full force with a loading rate of 300 ± 10 mm per minute. Fix the testing specimen between jaws and Run the machine to start the test and the machine will apply force tell break the testing specimen.
ASTM D5035 Stripe Test Method and Required Instrument
For ASTM D5035, a tensile testing machine is used. The tensile testing machine works with the help of software installed in the connected computer. For this testing method, 5 testing specimens 65 ± 1mm wide and 150 ± 1mm long from both warp and weft wise are marked with the help of a marking template and cuts with the help of scissors from the testing material. You should condition the testing specimen as per ASTM D1776 for more than 2 hours. Set the 75 ± 1 mm distance between clamps of tensile tester, machine range from 10% to 90% of the full force with a loading rate of 300 ± 10 mm per minute. Fix the testing specimen between jaws and Run the machine to start the test and the machine will apply force tell break the testing specimen.
Evaluation of the Results of ASTM D5034 & ASTM D5034
Note the reading of the tensile strength from the monitor of the tensile testing machine and make a report mentioning both the warp and weft-wise strength of the tested specimen.
Tensile tester
ASTM D3776 Test and Required Instrument
ASTM D3776 is used for GSM testing in the textile industry. GSM cutter is the instrument which is used for this testing to cut testing specimens. You should keep the testing specimen in a conditioning room or conditioning chamber having controlled temperature and humidity as per ASTM D1776 for instructed hours. Cut the testing specimen with the help of a GSM cutter. Weigh the testing specimen with the help of a calibrated weighing balance. You should tear the weighing balance before weighing the testing specimen. Record the weight mentioned on the weighing balance. For calculating, multiply the recorded weight of the testing specimen by 100 to calculate the GSM.
GSM Cutter
ASTM D1776 and Required Instrument
ASTM D1776 is used for standard environmental conditions, especially temperature and humidity. A humidifier and air cooling system. A thermometer and humidity reader are the instruments required for this process. As per ASTM D1776, the temperature of the conditioning room or conditioning chamber must be 21 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity should be 65%. These conditions are ideal for getting reliable results and if both temperature and humidity are controlled, the results will same all over the world.
After cutting the yardage from the role for testing, you should keep the testing specimen under controlled temperature and humidity for a specific time. It will ensure that the testing specimen meets the standard testing environment, which will decrease the variation in results due to external factors such as high temperature and low humidity in the production area.
ASTM D1776 guides about different textile testing and their conditioning time such as tensile test, tear test, pilling & abrasion test, colourfastness, absorbency and shrinkage of textile material. If you want to get an accurate result, you should follow all instructions per ASTM D1776. This standard instructs how to prepare a specific test report and which points must be mentioned in the report. If you want to accredit your laboratory with any external lab, the inspector will ask for the data on humidity and temperature for a specific time.
Hygrometer Humidifier
ASTM D4772 and Required Instrument
ASTM D4772 is used to find out the per cent absorbency of the textile material, especially terry towel. An absorbency tester is the required instrument for this test. For this test, please keep the testing specimen in a controlled environment for instructed time or as per customer testing protocol. Cut 6 specimens lengthwise. Flow 50 ml of water on the testing specimen using an absorbency tester and calculate the per cent absorbency. For example, if you flow 50 ml of water over the testing specimen and there is 20 ml of water found in the water collection tray, it means that 30 ml of water is absorbed by the testing specimen. To calculate per cent absorbency, apply the below formula.
% absorbency = absorbed water X 2 = % absorbency of the tested specimen.
Absorbency tester
Importance of ASTM Testing Methods
ASTM procedures or testing methods play an important role in textile industries. With the help of ASTM testing, you can ensure the quality of textile material, can make reliable textile products which will meet the requirements of the customer and will increase the status of your industry in the textile universe. You should follow all the instructions given in ASTM testing methods and ensure the quality of your products.
Conclusion
ASTM testing methods are very important to test different types of textile material and evaluate its quality. These methods ensure the quality of your textile product satisfies your customer about quality and increases the trust of the customer of your product.
FAQs
What is the full form or abbreviation of ASTM?
American Society for Testing and Material is the full form of ASTM.
What is ASTM?
There are many testing methods developed by ASTM to evaluate the quality of textile material.
Is ASTM important for textile testing?
Yes, ASTM testing plays an important role in the textile industry. There are many testing methods of ASTM, which are used in the textile industry for different types of qualitative and quantitative testing related to textile products.
Is ASTM testing used globally?
Yes, ASTM testing is used in textile industries all over the world. Usually, all American textile customers are instructed to follow ASTM testing products.
Who makes ASTM procedures?
A panel of scientists and textile professionals, who works under the umbrella of ASTM makes and revises the testing methods. ASTM updates the testing methods when there is new innovation occurs in the textile universe.
What is the ASTM tensile method and which instrument or machine is used for tensile testing?
ASTM D5034 & ASTM D5035 are the ASTM tensile methods and a tensile tester is used to evaluate the breaking strength of textile material.
What is the ASTM GSM method and which instrument or machine is used for GSM testing?
ASTM D3776 is the ASTM method for GSM testing and the GSM cutter is the machine which is used for this testing method.
What is the ASTM method of absorbency of terry towel and which instrument or machine is used for this testing?
ASTM D4772 is the testing method of absorbency of terry towel and absorbency tester is the required machine for this testing method.
Related Resource
ASTM D5034 A Test You Must Know in a Textile Laboratory
A Practical Guidance on ASTM D5035 Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics
ASTM D1776 High Speed Humidity Chamber DR751K