In the textile industry, product quality is examined through testing standards. GOST 3813-72 is a Soviet/Russian state standard used to determine textile fabric’s breaking load and elongation at break.
GOST Standards Background
The Soviet Union developed GOST standards, which are currently handled by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization (EASC). They are mainly used in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries.
GOST 3813-72 standard was outlined in 1972 to determine the mechanical strength of textile, tensile strength, fabric breaking load, and elongation at break.
What is the Tensile Strength of Textile?
When a load or stretching force is applied to the fabric, manually or mechanically, it elongates gradually. During the elongation process, there comes a point when the fabric begins to break due to the applied load.
In this way, we can say the tensile strength of a fabric is the amount of stretching force applied at which the fabric begins to break. Fabric tensile strength is measured in Newton, Pound, or Kilogram Force.
Importance of Determining Breaking Load in Textiles
Determining breaking load is important to ensure the fabric’s durability under stress and load. It is also considered a fabric’s tensile strength.
Breaking load is the mechanical property of fabric that determines the maximum amount of force it can withstand before breaking.
A fabric with a high breaking load exhibits good durability to wear, tear, and physical stresses. It is used in upholstery, sportswear, workwear, and industrial fabrics.
Elongation at Break
Elongation is the mechanical property of a cloth that shows its flexibility, stretchability, and durability. Sportswear needs good elasticity, while structural textiles demand low elongation.
The elongation at break is important for improving the fabric’s comfort and flexibility and optimizing the material selection.
Factors Affecting Tensile Strength & Breaking Load
The fabric tensile strength depends upon the following factors.
- Yarn Strength
- Nature of Fiber (natural or Synthetic)
- Ends per square inch
- Fiber length
Yarn Strength
The fabric made of yarn with higher tensile strength has higher fabric tensile strength.
Nature of Fiber (Natural or Synthetic)
The type of fibre greatly affects the fabric’s tensile strength. Suppose one fabric is made of cotton, and another is made of polyester fibers.
Both fabrics have the same ends per inch, picks per inch, and yarn count. In this case, polyester fabric will show higher tensile strength than cotton.
The fabric made of synthetic fibers has higher tensile strength than the fabric made of natural fibers.
Threads per Square Inch
Fabric tensile strength also depends upon the number of threads per square inch. Fabric with greater threads per square inch will show higher tensile strength. The fabric tensile strength is tested separately for warp and weft direction.
Fiber Length
Fabric made of long and fine staple fibers has more tensile strength than short and coarser staple fibers.
Tensile Testing Methods
The Strip and Grab tests are used to test fabric tensile strength.
GOST 3813-72: Strip Test
GOST 3813-72: Strip TestSoviet/Russian state standard GOST 3813-72 is similar to the strip test method for tensile strength of textiles. In the strip test, the fixed and movable gripping jaws grip the full width of the specimen, so the specimen’s width doesn’t fall outside of the gripping jaws.
The gripping jaw grips the full width of the specimen, and the specimen is pulled in the length direction. When do you use the strip test method? The apparatus below is required to conduct the fabric tensile strength test.
- Fabric tensile strength tester
- Fabric to be tested
- Scissor
- Marking Pen
- Magnifying glass
- Marking template
The movable gripping jaw travels upward when the machine is in running position. One end of the specimen is fixed in fixed gripping jaws, and the other is fixed in the movable gripping jaws.
When the machine starts, the movable gripping jaw travels upward, and a force is applied to the specimen. The stretching force acts upon the specimen, which breaks at a certain load.
Application of GOST 3813-72 in the Textile Industry
GOST 3813-72, the Soviet/Russian state standard, is widely used for textile products in Russia and other CIS countries. This standard is applied to military garments, medical textiles, Geotextile fabrics, car seat fabrics, belts, and fashion textiles.
Conclusion
GOST 3813-72 is a Soviet/Russian state standard used to determine the breaking load and elongation at break of textile fabrics.
A fabric with a high breaking load exhibits good durability to wear, tear, and physical stresses. It is used in upholstery, sportswear, workwear, and industrial fabrics.
Elongation is the mechanical property of a cloth that shows its flexibility, stretchability, and durability. Sportswear needs good elasticity, while structural textiles demand low elongation.
FAQs
What is GOST 3813-72?
GOST 3813-72 is a Soviet/Russian state standard used to determine the breaking load and elongation at break of textile fabrics.
What is the tensile strength of textile?
The tensile strength of a fabric is the amount of stretching force applied at which it begins to break. It is measured in Newton, Pound, or Kilogram Force.
What are the factors affecting tensile strength?
Fabric tensile strength depends upon yarn strength, the nature of the fiber (natural or synthetic), the number of ends per square inch, and fiber length.
Why is the determination of breaking load in textiles important?
Breaking load is the mechanical property of fabric that determines the maximum amount of force it can withstand before breaking.
How many types of tensile strength testing methods are used?
Two methods are used to test fabric tensile strength: the Strip and Grab tests.